Q 01/05

Which French artist made Fantasmagorie (1908), considered the first animated cartoon?

A) Émile Cohl

B) Georges Méliès

C) Émile Reynaud

D) Charles Pathé

Answer · why

A) Émile Cohl

Émile Cohl drew Fantasmagorie as black lines on white paper, then printed it in negative so the stick figure appears chalk-white on black.

Q 02/05

Which American game company introduced the definitive zoetrope, with replaceable picture strips, as a toy in 1866?

A) Parker Brothers

B) Milton Bradley

C) Selchow & Righter

D) McLoughlin Brothers

Answer · why

B) Milton Bradley

Milton Bradley sold the zoetrope from 1866; its inventor, William Ensign Lincoln, devised it as a Brown University sophomore of about 18.

Q 03/05

Reynaud's 1877 praxinoscope improved on the zoetrope by replacing its narrow viewing slits with what?

A) A glass magnifying lens

B) A spinning shutter disc

C) An inner ring of mirrors

D) An oil lamp behind it

Answer · why

C) An inner ring of mirrors

An inner ring of mirrors reflected the picture strip; the reflections stayed nearly stationary as the drum turned, giving a brighter, less distorted i...

Q 04/05

Which physicist invented the phenakistiscope around December 1832, simultaneously with Simon Stampfer?

A) Michael Faraday

B) Peter Mark Roget

C) Étienne-Jules Marey

D) Joseph Plateau

Answer · why

D) Joseph Plateau

Joseph Plateau never settled on one name for his spinning disc, using both phénakisticope and his preferred fantascope.

Q 05/05

Émile Reynaud's Pantomimes Lumineuses, the first projected animated films, opened in 1892 at which Paris venue?

A) Musée Grévin

B) Moulin Rouge

C) Grand Café

D) Théâtre du Châtelet

Answer · why

A) Musée Grévin

Reynaud's Théâtre Optique ran at the Musée Grévin wax museum from October 1892, more than three years before the Lumière brothers' first paid film scr...