Q 01/05

Friedrich von Esmarch, who coined 'first aid' in 1870, was a military surgeon in which country's army?

A) Austria

B) France

C) Prussia

D) Russia

Answer · why

C) Prussia

Esmarch also invented the triangular bandage that still comes in most kits, and his manual claimed it could be applied in 32 different ways.

Q 02/05

The 1877 St John Ambulance Association taught first aid in railway centres and which other workplaces?

A) Shipyards

B) Mining districts

C) Textile mills

D) Fishing ports

Answer · why

B) Mining districts

Its logos differ by country but always carry the eight-pointed white Maltese cross of the Order of St John.

Q 03/05

The internationally accepted first aid symbol is a white cross on a background of which colour?

A) Red

B) Blue

C) Green

D) Yellow

Answer · why

C) Green

The red cross on white is legally protected under the Geneva Conventions for humanitarian and military medical use, which is why kits use the other co...

Q 04/05

Napoleon's surgeon Larrey created an ambulance corps known by what French name?

A) Ambulances mobiles

B) Ambulances de guerre

C) Ambulances volantes

D) Ambulances rapides

Answer · why

C) Ambulances volantes

The name means 'flying ambulances': light horse-drawn carriages that collected the wounded during the fighting rather than after it.

Q 05/05

What adult chest compression rate per minute have guidelines recommended since 2015?

A) 100–120

B) 120–140

C) 140–160

D) 160–180

Answer · why

A) 100–120

Faster is not better: pushing too quickly stops the chest recoiling fully, so the heart never refills between compressions.