40 Fun Facts About 1896 United States Presidential Election

What name is given to the speech that won William Jennings Bryan the 1896 Democratic nomination?

Cross of Gold comes from the speech's closing image of crucifixion; when Bryan finished, cheering delegates lifted him onto their shoulders and carried him around the floor.

What name is given to William McKinley's 1896 strategy of staying home and addressing delegations who came to him?

A front porch campaign kept McKinley at home in Ohio while hundreds of thousands of visitors arrived by rail, and souvenir hunters whittled keepsakes from his fence.

In political readings of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, which character is often said to stand for William Jennings Bryan?

The Cowardly Lion is the usual stand-in for Bryan in a reading first set out in 1964, in which the yellow brick road is the gold standard and Dorothy's shoes are silver.

Which now-familiar piece of political merchandise was first mass-produced for William McKinley's 1896 presidential run?

Pin-back buttons were first mass-produced in metal for 1896, each with a printed paper face sealed under a clear layer of celluloid.

After losing in 1896, William Jennings Bryan became the first defeated presidential candidate to do what?

Bryan chose to send a congratulatory telegram two days after the vote, wiring McKinley that the people had spoken and their will was law.

Which state did William Allen White ask what was the matter with, in an 1896 editorial Republicans reprinted widely?

Kansas was White's home state, and Republicans mailed out hundreds of thousands of copies of his attack on its Populists, making the Emporia editor nationally known.

After William McKinley's first vice president died, which New York governor joined him for the 1900 rematch with Bryan?

Theodore Roosevelt had already toured the country for the Republicans in 1896, paid to denounce Bryan as a dangerous radical.

Which sitting president was repudiated by his own party's 1896 convention, which chose Bryan and free silver instead?

Grover Cleveland had held to the gold standard through the depression after the Panic of 1893; Bryan later said he lost because he had borne the president's sins.

Which state had William Jennings Bryan represented in Congress for two terms before his 1896 presidential run?

Nebraska was Bryan's adopted home: born in Illinois, he moved west as a young lawyer in 1887, and in 1896 he became the first Democrat to carry the state for president.

Which publisher's New York Journal backed Bryan in 1896 while most big-city papers deserted him?

William Randolph Hearst gave Bryan's cause $41,000 and unleashed cartoonist Homer Davenport, who drew McKinley's manager in a suit covered with dollar signs.

Which Ohio businessman ran William McKinley's 1896 campaign and raised a record $3.5 million from corporations?

Mark Hanna asked bankers and industrialists what keeping Bryan out of the White House was worth to them, suggested a figure, and outspent the Democrats about five to one.

In which Ohio city did William McKinley greet hundreds of thousands of visitors instead of touring in 1896?

Canton held parades every day that season, with a mounted troop called the McKinley Home Guards escorting each delegation to his house on a prearranged schedule.

Indebted farmers backed Bryan's free silver in 1896 because a bigger money supply was expected to cause what?

Inflation would let farmers repay their mortgages in cheaper dollars, but factory workers saw only a higher cost of living and largely voted the other way.

Which region did both parties treat as the decisive 1896 battleground, where Bryan made 160 of his last 250 stops?

The Midwest decided it: early Republican polls showed Bryan ahead even in McKinley's Ohio, until a flood of pamphlets and paid speakers turned the region around.

Which city hosted the 1896 Democratic convention that nominated William Jennings Bryan?

Chicago's Coliseum hosted the convention, where Bryan told city dwellers that grass would grow in their streets if the nation's farms were destroyed.

At what ratio to gold did William Jennings Bryan's supporters demand the unlimited coinage of silver in 1896?

16 to 1 fixed sixteen weights of silver as equal to one of gold; Republicans answered that the silver in such a dollar was worth only about half its face value.

Which Republican handed Bryan his third and final presidential defeat, in the election of 1908?

William Howard Taft won in 1908, leaving Bryan with more electoral votes across his career than anyone else who never became president.

Which cabinet post did William Jennings Bryan hold under Woodrow Wilson, the highest office he ever reached?

Secretary of State was Bryan's post from 1913 to 1915, when he resigned as Wilson moved the nation closer to intervention in the First World War.

William McKinley was the last major-party presidential nominee to have fought as a soldier in which conflict?

The American Civil War took McKinley from enlisted man to brevet major, a climb through the ranks that no other president made.

Besides sound money, which policy did William McKinley make the centerpiece of his 1896 pitch to factory workers?

Protective tariffs were McKinley's signature, an 1890 tariff act bore his name, and he expected them to dominate 1896 until Bryan made money the issue.

Which New Jersey businessman was William McKinley's running mate in 1896 and died in office as vice president?

Garret Hobart came from Paterson and was firmer for the gold standard than McKinley himself, saying so plainly in the few speeches he agreed to give.

Which wealthy Maine shipbuilder did the 1896 Democratic convention choose as William Jennings Bryan's running mate?

Arthur Sewall was one of the few eastern party leaders who favored silver and could help pay the bills, though a rich capitalist sat oddly on a ticket aimed at struggling farmers.

Which Georgia Populist was nominated for vice president alongside Bryan in 1896, in place of the Democrats' choice?

Thomas E. Watson ran with Bryan on the Populist ticket, because the party endorsed the Democrat for president but wanted a running mate of its own; 27 electors voted for him.

Which Southern state did William McKinley win by just 277 votes, the first Republican ever to carry it?

Kentucky slipped away from Bryan because the breakaway Gold Democrats polled more votes there than McKinley's entire winning margin.

Which nickname did William Jennings Bryan carry into the 1896 presidential campaign?

Boy Orator of the Platte was who the crowd came to hear at Madison Square Garden, but Bryan read a two-hour speech from a manuscript and many seats emptied before the end.

Which giant trust matched banker J. P. Morgan's $250,000 gift to William McKinley's 1896 war chest?

Standard Oil gave after its founder John D. Rockefeller, an old schoolmate of McKinley's campaign manager, stepped in to win over wary New York financiers.

Which issue did William Jennings Bryan put at the center of his 1900 rematch with William McKinley?

Imperialism joined silver in Bryan's 1900 platform, but returning prosperity and victory over Spain carried McKinley to a decisive second win.

Which famous 1925 courtroom case saw William Jennings Bryan face Clarence Darrow in Tennessee shortly before his death?

The Scopes trial put Bryan on the witness stand as a Bible expert under Darrow's questioning; his side won the verdict over teaching evolution, and he died soon after.

Which future president, then an Ohio newspaper editor, was paid to make speeches for William McKinley in 1896?

Warren Harding impressed on the stump, and in 1920 he copied McKinley's stay-at-home strategy, even borrowing the flagpole from the old McKinley yard.

Which state, admitted in January 1896, cast its first presidential votes that year and gave Bryan over 80%?

Utah's silver mine owners swung the new state behind Bryan, who took 82.7 percent of its vote and carried every county but one.

Which million-selling 1894 pamphlet by William Hope Harvey made the case for free silver before Bryan's 1896 run?

Coin's Financial School blamed the demonetization of silver for the hard times, and in 1896 supporters read it aloud to friends and opponents alike.

Which newspaper endorsed the Gold Democrats in 1896, the only third-party presidential ticket it has ever backed?

The New York Times had no love for Bryan: that September it printed a doctor's letter calling him mad and added that he was at least of unsound mind.

Which Speaker of the House from Maine, nicknamed Czar, was William McKinley's nearest rival for the 1896 nomination?

Thomas B. Reed finished a distant second on the only ballot, then turned down McKinley's offer of the vice presidency.

Which Missouri silver champion led the first three ballots at the 1896 Democratic convention before Bryan won?

Richard P. Bland then refused the second place on the ticket, because he cared more about winning back his old seat in the House, which he did that November.

Which young businessman ran McKinley's 1896 Illinois campaign and later became Calvin Coolidge's vice president?

Charles G. Dawes had known Bryan when both lived in Lincoln and warned McKinley's team that one speech from him could stampede the Democratic convention; they mocked the idea.

In which region did William Jennings Bryan fail to carry a single county in the 1896 presidential election?

New England gave McKinley more than twice Bryan's vote, and next door Bryan lost even New York City, which had not rejected a Democratic nominee since 1848.

Political scientists give which label to the 1896 contest, because it reshaped the party coalitions for a generation?

A realigning election redraws the map for decades: McKinley's coalition of city workers, the middle class and prosperous farmers kept Republicans mostly in power until the 1930s.

What accusing nickname did Bryan's silver supporters give the earlier coinage law that had demonetized silver?

The Crime of '73 was the silverites' name for the Coinage Act of 1873, which their pamphlets blamed for halving the money supply and bringing on the Panic of 1893.

Which ex-Confederate general who surrendered Fort Donelson to Grant ran for vice president as a Gold Democrat in 1896?

Simon Bolivar Buckner, 73, shared the ticket with a 79-year-old former Union general, a pairing meant to show that the wounds of the 1860s had healed.

Which gold rush, sparked by a strike in August 1896, helped swell the money supply and defuse Bryan's silver crusade?

Klondike gold, along with new output from South Africa, expanded the money supply much as free silver had promised to, and the political pressure for silver faded.